Is Mathematics Universal?
Yes.
Mathematics is abstract.
Abstract means it does not have or depend on a physical or concrete existence. And so, any physical existence, or location, or condition is irrelevant to mathematics.
2 + 2 = 4
Always. Anywhere. Nowhere.
And that makes it universal, by definition. Even in the absence of a universe, two plus two equals four.
Imagine a faraway alien civilisation. Chances are that we will agree on nothing, except mathematics. Sure, their sign for “+” or numbers may differ substantially, but the abstract truth behind Mathematics is in their culture too. Absolutely.
Everything else, is relative.
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